网站建设与网络编辑心得体会,互联网技术的特征,如何做教育公司网站,筑招网文章目录 一、环境准备二、主机1、环境搭建1.1 镜像拉取1.2 创建网桥1.3 启动容器1.4 配置镜像源1.5 下载工具包1.6 下载keepalived1.7 下载nginx 2、配置2.1 配置keepalived2.2 配置nginx2.2.1 查看nginx.conf2.2.2 修改index.html 3、启动3.1 启动nginx3.2 启动keepalived 4、… 文章目录 一、环境准备二、主机1、环境搭建1.1 镜像拉取1.2 创建网桥1.3 启动容器1.4 配置镜像源1.5 下载工具包1.6 下载keepalived1.7 下载nginx 2、配置2.1 配置keepalived2.2 配置nginx2.2.1 查看nginx.conf2.2.2 修改index.html 3、启动3.1 启动nginx3.2 启动keepalived 4、状态查看4.1 查看nginx状态4.2 查看keepalived状态 4、停止4.1 停止nginx4.2 停止keepalived 三、从机1、方法一重复主机步骤1.1 将步骤 1.2 创建网桥改为如下1.2 将步骤2.1 配置keepalived内容改为如下1.3 将步骤2.2.2 修改index.html修改网页内容可选 2、方法二克隆主机虚拟机2.1 克隆完成、启动虚拟机修改网桥2.1.1 创建网桥2.1.2 启动容器连接到创建的网桥 2.2 修改keepalived的配置 四、路由1、主机1.1 网卡情况1.2 查看路由1.3 添加路由1.4 最后路由表 2、从机2.1 网卡情况2.2 查看路由2.3 添加路由2.4 最后路由情况 3、宿主机windows主机3.1 添加路由 一、环境准备 根据宿主机的系统选择安装docker 在Ubuntu中安装docker 在CentOS中安装docker
二、主机
1、环境搭建
1.1 镜像拉取
docker pull centos1.2 创建网桥
docker network create -dbridge --subnet192.168.99.0/24 br21.3 启动容器
docker run -it --name centos-1 --privileged -v /home/vac/linux:/mnt/software -p 9901:80 --netbr2 centos bash1.4 配置镜像源
找到目录
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/修改源
sed -i s/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*修改url
sed -i s|#baseurlhttp://mirror.centos.org|baseurlhttp://vault.centos.org|g /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*更新一下时间较长
yum -y update1.5 下载工具包
ifconfig、route命令使用的net-tools工具包
yum -y install net-toolsvim编辑器
yum -y install vim1.6 下载keepalived
yum -y install keepalived1.7 下载nginx
yum -y install nginx2、配置
2.1 配置keepalived
编辑keepalived.conf文件
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf输入以下内容
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {#路由id当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符全局唯一router_id keep_150
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {# 表示的状态当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点MASTER/BACKUPstate MASTER# 当前实例绑定的网卡interface eth0# 保证主备节点一致virtual_router_id 51# 优先级/权重谁的优先级高在MASTER挂掉以后就能成为MASTERpriority 100# 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔默认1sadvert_int 1# 认证授权的密码防止非法节点的进入authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.200.17}
}2.2 配置nginx
2.2.1 查看nginx.conf
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf内容如下
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events {worker_connections 1024;
}http {log_format main $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for;access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;tcp_nodelay on;keepalive_timeout 65;types_hash_max_size 2048;include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include# for more information.include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;server {listen 80 default_server;listen [::]:80 default_server;server_name _;root /usr/share/nginx/html;# Load configuration files for the default server block.include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {}error_page 404 /404.html;location /40x.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location /50x.html {}}# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate /etc/pki/nginx/server.crt;
# ssl_certificate_key /etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key;2.2.2 修改index.html
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html输入以下内容
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtdhtml xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml xml:langenheadtitleTest Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux/titlemeta http-equivContent-Type contenttext/html; charsetUTF-8 /style typetext/css/*![CDATA[*/body {background-color: #fff;color: #000;font-size: 0.9em;font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;margin: 0;padding: 0;}:link {color: #c00;}:visited {color: #c00;}a:hover {color: #f50;}h1 {text-align: center;margin: 0;padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;background-color: #900;color: #fff;font-weight: normal;font-size: 1.75em;border-bottom: 2px solid #000;}h1 strong {font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.5em;}h2 {text-align: center;background-color: #900;font-size: 1.1em;font-weight: bold;color: #fff;margin: 0;padding: 0.5em;border-bottom: 2px solid #000;}hr {display: none;}.content {padding: 1em 5em;}.alert {border: 2px solid #000;}img {border: 2px solid #fff;padding: 2px;margin: 2px;}a:hover img {border: 2px solid #294172;}.logos {margin: 1em;text-align: center;}/*]]*//style/headbodyh1Welcome to strongnginx/strong on Red Hat Enterprise Linux!(Master)/h1h1192.168.99.2/h1div classcontentpThis page is used to test the proper operation of thestrongnginx/strong HTTP server after it has beeninstalled. If you can read this page, it means that theweb server installed at this site is workingproperly./pdiv classalerth2Website Administrator/h2div classcontentpThis is the default ttindex.html/tt page thatis distributed with strongnginx/strong onRed Hat Enterprise Linux. It is located intt/usr/share/nginx/html/tt./ppYou should now put your content in a location ofyour choice and edit the ttroot/tt configurationdirective in the strongnginx/strongconfiguration filett/etc/nginx/nginx.conf/tt./ppFor information on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, please visit the a hrefhttp://www.redhat.com/Red Hat, Inc. website/a. The documentation for Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a hrefhttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/available on the Red Hat, Inc. website/a./p/div/divdiv classlogosa hrefhttp://nginx.net/imgsrcnginx-logo.png alt[ Powered by nginx ]width121 height32 //aa hrefhttp://www.redhat.com/imgsrcpoweredby.pngalt[ Powered by Red Hat Enterprise Linux ]width88 height31 //a/div/div/body
/html3、启动
3.1 启动nginx
nginx3.2 启动keepalived
keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf4、状态查看
4.1 查看nginx状态
ps -ef|grep nginx打印返回
root 43 1 0 08:40 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 44 43 0 08:40 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 45 43 0 08:40 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 46 43 0 08:40 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 47 43 0 08:40 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 57 19 0 08:49 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --colorauto nginx4.2 查看keepalived状态
查看进程
ps -ef|grep keepalived打印返回
root 62 1 2 08:51 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
root 63 62 4 08:51 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
root 67 19 0 08:51 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --colorauto keepalived查看vip挂载情况
ip a打印返回
1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
26: eth0if27: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:c0:a8:63:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 192.168.99.2/24 brd 192.168.99.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet 192.168.200.17/32 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever4、停止
4.1 停止nginx
nginx -s stop4.2 停止keepalived
pkill keepalived三、从机
1、方法一重复主机步骤
1.1 将步骤 1.2 创建网桥改为如下
docker network create -dbridge --subnet192.168.111.0/24 br21.2 将步骤2.1 配置keepalived内容改为如下
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {#路由id当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符全局唯一router_id keep_151
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {# 表示的状态当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点MASTER/BACKUPstate BACKUP# 当前实例绑定的网卡interface eth0# 保证主备节点一致virtual_router_id 51# 优先级/权重谁的优先级高在MASTER挂掉以后就能成为MASTERpriority 60# 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔默认1sadvert_int 1# 认证授权的密码防止非法节点的进入authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.200.17}
}1.3 将步骤2.2.2 修改index.html修改网页内容可选
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtdhtml xmlnshttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml xml:langenheadtitleTest Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux/titlemeta http-equivContent-Type contenttext/html; charsetUTF-8 /style typetext/css/*![CDATA[*/body {background-color: #fff;color: #000;font-size: 0.9em;font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;margin: 0;padding: 0;}:link {color: #c00;}:visited {color: #c00;}a:hover {color: #f50;}h1 {text-align: center;margin: 0;padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;background-color: #900;color: #fff;font-weight: normal;font-size: 1.75em;border-bottom: 2px solid #000;}h1 strong {font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.5em;}h2 {text-align: center;background-color: #900;font-size: 1.1em;font-weight: bold;color: #fff;margin: 0;padding: 0.5em;border-bottom: 2px solid #000;}hr {display: none;}.content {padding: 1em 5em;}.alert {border: 2px solid #000;}img {border: 2px solid #fff;padding: 2px;margin: 2px;}a:hover img {border: 2px solid #294172;}.logos {margin: 1em;text-align: center;}/*]]*//style/headbodyh1Welcome to strongnginx/strong on Red Hat Enterprise Linux!(Master)/h1h1192.168.111.2/h1div classcontentpThis page is used to test the proper operation of thestrongnginx/strong HTTP server after it has beeninstalled. If you can read this page, it means that theweb server installed at this site is workingproperly./pdiv classalerth2Website Administrator/h2div classcontentpThis is the default ttindex.html/tt page thatis distributed with strongnginx/strong onRed Hat Enterprise Linux. It is located intt/usr/share/nginx/html/tt./ppYou should now put your content in a location ofyour choice and edit the ttroot/tt configurationdirective in the strongnginx/strongconfiguration filett/etc/nginx/nginx.conf/tt./ppFor information on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, please visit the a hrefhttp://www.redhat.com/Red Hat, Inc. website/a. The documentation for Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a hrefhttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/available on the Red Hat, Inc. website/a./p/div/divdiv classlogosa hrefhttp://nginx.net/imgsrcnginx-logo.png alt[ Powered by nginx ]width121 height32 //aa hrefhttp://www.redhat.com/imgsrcpoweredby.pngalt[ Powered by Red Hat Enterprise Linux ]width88 height31 //a/div/div/body
/html2、方法二克隆主机虚拟机
2.1 克隆完成、启动虚拟机修改网桥
2.1.1 创建网桥
docker network create -dbridge --subnet192.168.111.0/24 br02.1.2 启动容器连接到创建的网桥
docker run -it --name centos-1 --privileged -v /home/vac/linux:/mnt/software -p 9901:80 --networkbr0 centos bash2.2 修改keepalived的配置
输入命令
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf修改内容如下
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {#路由id当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符全局唯一router_id keep_151
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {# 表示的状态当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点MASTER/BACKUPstate BACKUP# 当前实例绑定的网卡interface eth0# 保证主备节点一致virtual_router_id 51# 优先级/权重谁的优先级高在MASTER挂掉以后就能成为MASTERpriority 60# 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔默认1sadvert_int 1# 认证授权的密码防止非法节点的进入authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.200.17}
}四、路由
具体路由情况示意图
1、主机
1.1 网卡情况
输入命令
ifconfig打印返回
br-4bd1ee90e211: flags4163UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet 192.168.99.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.99.255inet6 fe80::42:29ff:fee8:aade prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20linkether 02:42:29:e8:aa:de txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 51808 bytes 3263249 (3.2 MB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 71190 bytes 130020293 (130.0 MB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0docker0: flags4099UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255inet6 fe80::42:65ff:fe2d:ef09 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20linkether 02:42:65:2d:ef:09 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 4 bytes 224 (224.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 228 bytes 23485 (23.4 KB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33: flags4163UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet 192.168.100.157 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255inet6 fe80::f040:fdbe:78e1:5077 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20linkether 00:0c:29:b6:5d:6c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 4329116 bytes 940869997 (940.8 MB)RX errors 0 dropped 345204 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 284583 bytes 29536782 (29.5 MB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags73UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10hostloop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)RX packets 26728 bytes 3141066 (3.1 MB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 26728 bytes 3141066 (3.1 MB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0vethd5c0922: flags4163UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet6 fe80::a075:3cff:fe3c:d62 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20linkether a2:75:3c:3c:0d:62 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 385 bytes 20670 (20.6 KB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 1841 bytes 83533 (83.5 KB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 01.2 查看路由
输入命令
route -n打印返回
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.100.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 ens33
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
192.168.99.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-4bd1ee90e211
192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens331.3 添加路由
主机到从机的路由
route add -net 192.168.111.0/24 gw 192.168.100.158主机到vip的路由
route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.99.2vip到从机的路由
route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.100.1581.4 最后路由表
输入命令
route -n打印返回
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.100.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 ens33
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
192.168.99.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-4bd1ee90e211
192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.111.0 192.168.100.158 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.200.0 192.168.99.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 br-4bd1ee90e211
192.168.200.0 192.168.100.158 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens332、从机
2.1 网卡情况
输入命令
ip a打印返回
br-feca604495c7: flags4099UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet 192.168.111.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.111.255inet6 fe80::42:7ff:fe57:5d4d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20linkether 02:42:07:57:5d:4d txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 86544 bytes 7152949 (7.1 MB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 92024 bytes 132312772 (132.3 MB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0docker0: flags4099UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255inet6 fe80::42:69ff:fe89:fc8c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20linkether 02:42:69:89:fc:8c txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 4358 bytes 264361 (264.3 KB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 8778 bytes 19961998 (19.9 MB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33: flags4163UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet 192.168.100.158 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255inet6 fe80::5d22:1c65:d887:63e6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20linkether 00:0c:29:6a:2e:27 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 4140156 bytes 766431979 (766.4 MB)RX errors 0 dropped 342651 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 212125 bytes 22585816 (22.5 MB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags73UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10hostloop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)RX packets 47516 bytes 4932330 (4.9 MB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 47516 bytes 4932330 (4.9 MB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0vethbe7b7fe: flags4163UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet6 fe80::18e7:2fff:fea9:3b8e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20linkether 1a:e7:2f:a9:3b:8e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 271733 bytes 15045369 (15.0 MB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 43223 bytes 2358797 (2.3 MB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 02.2 查看路由
输入命令
route -n打印返回
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.100.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 ens33
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.111.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-feca604495c72.3 添加路由
从机到主机的路由
route add -net 192.168.99.0/24 gw 192.168.100.157从机到vip的路由
route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.111.2vip到主机的路由
route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.100.1572.4 最后路由情况
route -nKernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.100.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 ens33
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
192.168.99.0 192.168.100.157 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.111.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-feca604495c7
192.168.200.0 192.168.111.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 br-feca604495c7
192.168.200.0 192.168.100.157 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens333、宿主机windows主机
3.1 添加路由
vip到主机
route add 192.168.200.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.157vip到从机
route add 192.168.200.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.158
