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项目需求:某公司内部为了实现高冗余性#xff0c;部署了两台汇聚交换机#xff0c;分别为LSW1、LSW2#xff0c;AR1为公司的出口设备。公司内部有两个部门#xff0c;分别划分在vlan10和vlan20。现在需要实现以下需求#xff1a;
由于汇聚层和接入层…项目拓扑与项目需求
项目需求:某公司内部为了实现高冗余性部署了两台汇聚交换机分别为LSW1、LSW2AR1为公司的出口设备。公司内部有两个部门分别划分在vlan10和vlan20。现在需要实现以下需求
由于汇聚层和接入层采用二层组网需要使用MSTP防止环路。LSW1和LSW2作为内部设备的网关使用VRRP技术实现网关冗余效果为LSW1为vlan10的主网关LSW2为vlan20的主网关。在LSW1和LSW2 的OSPF进程上引入vlan10和vlan20的IP网段时,使用route-policy(if-match不同的vlanif,设置不同的cost值)效果为PC1回包流量路径规划如下
PC2访问PC1的回包路径为PC1-AR2-AR1-LSW1-LSW3-PC2PC3的回包路径为PC1-AR2-LSW2-LSW4-PC3。
当LSW1的上行链路故障时PC2访问外网的路径为PC2-LSW3-LSW2-AR1LSW2的上行链路故障时PC3访问外网的路径为PC3-LSW4-LSW2-AR1。 实验步骤
步骤1配置MSTP
1配置MSTP [LSW1]stp region-configuration [LSW1-mst-region]region-name huawei [LSW1-mst-region]revision-level 1 [LSW1-mst-region]instance 10 vlan 10 [LSW1-mst-region]instance 20 vlan 20 [LSW1-mst-region]active region-configuration 其他交换机同理不做赘述 2在交换机上划分vlan并配置接口链路类型
此时配置的实例生效 [LSW1]display brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 10 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 10 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 10 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 20 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 20 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 20 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 可得LSW1 不为根桥修改 LSW1 为vlan10的主网关避免引起次优路径的问题 配置LSW1为实例10的根桥 [LSW1]stp instance 10 root primary [LSW1]stp instance 20 root secondary 配置LSW2为vlan的主网关不做赘述 查看配置 [LSW1]display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 10 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 10 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 DESI FORWARDING NONE 10 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 DESI FORWARDING NONE 20 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI LEARNING NONE 20 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 20 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 DESI FORWARDING NONE 配置成功 步骤2配置VRRP
配置主网关 [LSW1]interface Vlanif 10 [LSW1-Vlanif10]ip address 10.1.1.252 24 [LSW1]interface Vlanif 20 [LSW1-Vlanif20]ip address 20.1.1.252 24 [LSW2]interface Vlanif 10 [LSW2-Vlanif10]ip address 10.1.1.253 24 [LSW2]interface Vlanif 20 [LSW2-Vlanif20]ip address 20.1.1.253 24 修改优先级主备切换
LSW1的配置 [LSW1]interface Vlanif10 [LSW1-Vlanif10]ip address 10.1.1.252 255.255.255.0 [LSW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.1.1.254 [LSW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120 [LSW1]interface Vlanif20 [LSW1-Vlanif20]ip address 20.1.1.252 255.255.255.0 [LSW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 20.1.1.254 LSW2的配置 [LSW2]interface Vlanif10 [LSW2-Vlanif10]ip address 10.1.1.253 255.255.255.0 [LSW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.1.1.254 [LSW2]interface Vlanif20 [LSW2-Vlanif20]ip address 20.1.1.253 255.255.255.0 [LSW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 20.1.1.254 [LSW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120 测试
查看VRRP配置 [LSW1]display vrrp brief VRID State Interface Type Virtual IP ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Master Vlanif10 Normal 10.1.1.254 2 Backup Vlanif20 Normal 20.1.1.254 ---------------------------------------------------------------- Total:2 Master:1 Backup:1 Non-active:0 测试网络连通性 PCping 10.1.1.254 Ping 10.1.1.254: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 10.1.1.254: bytes32 seq1 ttl255 time78 ms From 10.1.1.254: bytes32 seq2 ttl255 time47 ms From 10.1.1.254: bytes32 seq3 ttl255 time31 ms From 10.1.1.254: bytes32 seq4 ttl255 time47 ms From 10.1.1.254: bytes32 seq5 ttl255 time47 ms --- 10.1.1.254 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max 31/50/78 ms PC 步骤3运行OSPF并配置NAT实现网络互联互通
配置OSPF
LSW1的配置 [LSW1-Vlanif1]ip address 10.0.11.2 24 [LSW1]ospf 1 [LSW1-ospf-1]import-route direct //以路由引入的方式方便做选路 [LSW1-ospf-1]area 0 [LSW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.11.0 0.0.0.255 //只宣告一个网段 LSW2的配置 [LSW2-Vlanif1]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [LSW2]ospf 1 [LSW2-ospf-1]import-route direct [LSW2-ospf-1]area 0 [LSW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 AR1的配置 [AR1]ospf 1 [AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.11.0 0.0.0.255 [AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 查看协议 [AR1]display ip routing-table protocol ospf Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Public routing table : OSPF Destinations : 4 Routes : 6 OSPF routing table status : Active Destinations : 4 Routes : 6 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.11.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 10.1.1.254/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.11.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 20.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.11.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 20.1.1.254/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 OSPF routing table status : Inactive Destinations : 0 Routes : 0 2NAT配置 [AR1]acl 2000 [AR1-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source any [AR1-acl-basic-2000]interface g0/0/2 [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat outbound 2000 [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit 配置AR1去往外网的路由 [AR1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 64.1.1.2 //配置去往外网路由 [AR1]ping 100.1.1.1 PING 100.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 100.1.1.1: bytes56 Sequence1 ttl127 time20 ms Reply from 100.1.1.1: bytes56 Sequence2 ttl127 time30 ms Reply from 100.1.1.1: bytes56 Sequence3 ttl127 time20 ms Reply from 100.1.1.1: bytes56 Sequence4 ttl127 time20 ms Reply from 100.1.1.1: bytes56 Sequence5 ttl127 time20 ms --- 100.1.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max 20/22/30 ms 配置PC端去往外网的路由 [AR1-ospf-1]default-route-advertise //下发默认路由 PCping 100.1.1.1 Ping 100.1.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 100.1.1.1: bytes32 seq1 ttl125 time62 ms From 100.1.1.1: bytes32 seq2 ttl125 time63 ms From 100.1.1.1: bytes32 seq3 ttl125 time78 ms From 100.1.1.1: bytes32 seq4 ttl125 time47 ms From 100.1.1.1: bytes32 seq5 ttl125 time62 ms --- 100.1.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max 47/62/78 ms PC 步骤4按需求写路由策略实现PC2访问PC1的回包路径为PC1-AR2-AR1-LSW1-LSW3-PC2PC3的回包路径为PC1-AR2-LSW2-LSW4-PC3
LSW1的配置 [LSW1-route-policy]route-policy 1 permit node 10 [LSW1-route-policy]if-match interface Vlanif20 [LSW1-route-policy]apply cost 100 [LSW1]route-policy 1 permit node 20 Info: New Sequence of this List. [LSW1-ospf-1]import-route direct route-policy 1 //调用策略 查看路由表 AR1dis ip routing-table protocol ospf Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Public routing table : OSPF Destinations : 4 Routes : 5 OSPF routing table status : Active Destinations : 4 Routes : 5 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.11.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 10.1.1.254/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.11.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 20.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 20.1.1.254/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 OSPF routing table status : Inactive Destinations : 0 Routes : 0 由表可知去往20网段下一跳相同 LSW2的配置 [LSW2] route-policy 1 permit node 10 [LSW2-route-policy]if-match interface Vlanif10 [LSW2-route-policy]apply cost 100 [LSW2]route-policy 1 permit node 20 [LSW2-ospf-1]import-route direct route-policy 1 步骤5配置上行链路故障联动下行实现需求4
LSW1的配置 [LSW1]display vrrp Vlanif10 | Virtual Router 1 State : Backup Virtual IP : 10.1.1.254 Master IP : 10.1.1.253 PriorityRun : 80 //减少40 PriorityConfig : 120//配置120 MasterPriority : 100 Preempt : YES Delay Time : 0 s TimerRun : 1 s TimerConfig : 1 s Auth type : NONE Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101 Check TTL : YES Config type : normal-vrrp Track IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/1 Priority reduced : 40 IF state : DOWN Create time : 2023-07-25 15:28:52 UTC-08:00 联动接口 [LSW1]monitor-link group 1 [LSW1-mtlk-group1]port GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 uplink [LSW1-mtlk-group1]port GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 downlink //上行链路故障联动下行链路断开 LSW2的配置 [LSW2-Vlanif20]ip address 20.1.1.253 255.255.255.0 [LSW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 20.1.1.254 [LSW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120 [LSW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 80 联动接口 [LSW2]monitor-link group 1 [LSW2-mtlk-group1]port GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 uplink [LSW2-mtlk-group1]port GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 downlink 补充配置抢占延时使得G0/0/1恢复时重新学习OSPF路由期间流量正常访问
LSW1的配置 [LSW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 60 LSW2同理。
