h5在哪个网站上做,与网站开发有关的岗位是哪些,记事本怎么做网站,网站从建设到上线流程fixture的优势
pytest框架的fixture测试夹具就相当于unittest框架的setup、teardown#xff0c;但相对之下它的功能更加强大和灵活。
命名方式灵活#xff0c;不限于unittest的setup、teardown可以实现数据共享#xff0c;多个模块跨文件共享前置后置可以实现多个模块跨…fixture的优势
pytest框架的fixture测试夹具就相当于unittest框架的setup、teardown但相对之下它的功能更加强大和灵活。
命名方式灵活不限于unittest的setup、teardown可以实现数据共享多个模块跨文件共享前置后置可以实现多个模块跨文件使用一个session来完成多个用例可以实现unittest不能实现的功能比如unittest中的测试用例和测试用例之间是无法传递参数和数据的但是fixture却可以解决这个问题
fixture定义及调用
关键代码pytest.fixture()用于声明函数是处理前置后置的测试夹具函数。用法如下 python span stylebackground-color:#282c34span stylecolor:#abb2bfspan stylecolor:#61aeeepytest.fixture()/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeemy_fixture/span():/span span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 记住这个夹具名/em/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379我的测试夹具/span)/span/span
测试夹具已经定义好了那测试用例如何调用呢有以下三种方式
方式一将fixture名称作为参数传给测试用例可以传多个fixture按先后顺序执行方式二装饰器pytest.mark.usefixtures(fixture_name) 使用在类上代表这个类所有测试用例都会调用这个fixture使用在用例上代表只有这个用例调用这个fixture同样可以使用多个fixture按先后顺序执行如果fixture有返回值用这个装饰器是无法获取到返回值的也就无法给用例传递数据只能用方法一方式三fixture设置autouseTrue自动调用同样fixture有返回值时无法获取返回值 python span stylebackground-color:#282c34span stylecolor:#abb2bfspan stylecolor:#f92672import/span pytestspan stylecolor:#61aeeepytest.fixture()/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeemy_fixture/span():/span span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 记住这个夹具名/em/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379我的测试夹具/span)span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 方式一/em/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_fix1/span(span stylecolor:#a6e22emy_fixture/span):/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379这是测试用例1111/span)span stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379-------分割线------/span)span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 方式二/em/span
span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 类中应用/em/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeepytest.mark.usefixtures(span stylecolor:#3388aamy_fixture/span)/span
span stylecolor:#f92672class/span span stylecolor:#e6c07bTestLogin/span:span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_fix2/span(span stylecolor:#a6e22eself/span):/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379这是测试用例2222/span)span stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379-------分割线------/span)span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_fix3/span(span stylecolor:#a6e22eself/span):/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379这是测试用例3333/span)span stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379-------分割线------/span)span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 测试用例应用/em/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeepytest.mark.usefixtures(span stylecolor:#3388aamy_fixture/span)/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_fix4/span():/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379这是测试用例4444/span)span stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379-------分割线------/span)span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 方式三/em/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_fix5/span():/span span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 未声明使用测试夹具/em/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379这是测试用例5555/span)span stylecolor:#f92672if/span __name__ span stylecolor:#98c379__main__/span:pytest.main()/span/span
运行结果 shell span stylebackground-color:#282c34span stylecolor:#abb2bfTesting started at 23:12 ...
C:\software\python\python.exe ...test.py 我的测试夹具
.这是测试用例1111
-------分割线------
我的测试夹具
.这是测试用例2222
-------分割线------
我的测试夹具
.这是测试用例3333
-------分割线------
我的测试夹具
.这是测试用例4444
-------分割线------
.这是测试用例5555[100%] 5 passed in 0.02s Process finished with exit code 0/span/span
为什么方式三没有用到测试夹具呢因为还没有设置测试夹具自动调用。fixture里面有个参数autouse(自动使用的意思)默认是False当设置为True时用例就会自动调用该fixture功能这样的话写用例时就不用每次都去传参了。 python span stylebackground-color:#282c34span stylecolor:#abb2bfspan stylecolor:#61aeeepytest.fixture(autousespan stylecolor:#56b6c2True/span) /spanspan stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 设置用例自动调用该fixture/em/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeemy_fixture/span():/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379我的测试夹具/span)
/span/span
fixture作用域
在unittest中还有一个setUpClass和tearDownClass是作用于类上在每个测试用例类执行前去执行前置用例类执行完再执行后置pytest的fixture同样有这样的作用域且使用更广泛更灵活。
关键代码pytest.fixture(scope作用范围)参数如下
function默认作用域每个测试用例都运行一次class每个测试类只执行一次 module每个模块只执行一次 package每个python包只执行一次 session整个会话只执行一次即运行项目时整个过程只执行一次
优先级session package module class function优先级高的会在低的fixture之前先实例化。
相同作用域的fixture遵循函数中声明的先后顺序并遵循fixture之间的依赖关系如在fixture_A里面依赖的fixture_B优先实例化然后再到fixture_A实例化
我们前面举例fixture的使用时都是使用的默认作用域下面举例一下作用域为class的场景 python span stylebackground-color:#282c34span stylecolor:#abb2bfspan stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 因为用于演示因此测试夹具直接写在py文件中/em/span
span stylecolor:#f92672import/span pytest
span stylecolor:#f92672from/span selenium span stylecolor:#f92672import/span webdriverspan stylecolor:#61aeeepytest.fixture(scopespan stylecolor:#3388aaclass/span)/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeemy_fixture/span():/spanspan stylecolor:#98c379前置条件/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379前置条件-启动浏览器/span)driver webdriver.Chrome()span stylecolor:#f92672yield/span driverdriver.quit()span stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379后置条件-关闭浏览器/span)span stylecolor:#f92672class/span span stylecolor:#e6c07bTestCase/span:span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_case01/span(span stylecolor:#a6e22eself, my_fixture/span):/span span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 这里通过参数传入my_fixture函数用例执行前会先去执行my_fixture/em/spandriver my_fixture span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# my_fixture不需要加括号/em/spandriver.get(span stylecolor:#98c379http://www.baidu.com/span)span stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379第一个用例/span)span stylecolor:#f92672assert/span span stylecolor:#d19a661/span span stylecolor:#d19a661/spanspan stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_case02/span(span stylecolor:#a6e22eself, my_fixture/span):/span span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 这里通过参数传入my_fixture函数用例执行前会先去执行my_fixture/em/spandriver my_fixture span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# my_fixture不需要加括号/em/spandriver.get(span stylecolor:#98c379http://www.cnblogs.com//span)span stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379第二个用例/span)span stylecolor:#f92672assert/span span stylecolor:#d19a661/span span stylecolor:#d19a661/spanspan stylecolor:#f92672if/span __name__ span stylecolor:#98c379__main__/span:pytest.main([span stylecolor:#98c379test.py/span, span stylecolor:#98c379-s/span])/span/span
运行结果如下从运行结果可以看出整个类只打开了一次浏览器。 shell span stylebackground-color:#282c34span stylecolor:#abb2bfC:\software\python\python.exe D:/learn/test.pytest session starts
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-5.2.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.0
rootdir: D:\learn
plugins: html-2.0.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 itemstest.py 前置条件-启动浏览器
第一个用例
.第二个用例
.后置条件-关闭浏览器 2 passed in 9.76s Process finished with exit code 0
/span/span
前面也提到了fixture的另外一个参数autouse当autouseTrue时用例会自动执行测试夹具但无法获取fixture的返回值如上示例返回的driver就无法传递给用例了。
如果你想让用例自动执行测试夹具且希望driver等参数可以返回给用例时可以试一下在测试夹具中使用yield关键字返回值时把值存储到临时变量中再让用例去取临时变量中的值这里不作举例以下是autouseTrue的一个简单示例yield关键字在后面的章节会讲解 python span stylebackground-color:#282c34span stylecolor:#abb2bfspan stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 因为用于演示因此测试夹具直接写在py文件中/em/span
span stylecolor:#f92672import/span pytest
span stylecolor:#f92672from/span selenium span stylecolor:#f92672import/span webdriverspan stylecolor:#61aeeepytest.fixture(scopespan stylecolor:#3388aaclass/span, autousespan stylecolor:#56b6c2True/span) /spanspan stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 所有类自动执行该测试夹具/em/span
span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeemy_fixture/span():/spanspan stylecolor:#98c379前置条件/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379前置条件-启动浏览器/span)driver webdriver.Chrome()span stylecolor:#f92672yield/span driverdriver.quit()span stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379后置条件-关闭浏览器/span)span stylecolor:#f92672class/span span stylecolor:#e6c07bTestCase/span:span stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_case01/span(span stylecolor:#a6e22eself/span):/span span stylecolor:#b18eb1em# 不需要传入测试夹具/em/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379第一个用例/span)span stylecolor:#f92672assert/span span stylecolor:#d19a661/span span stylecolor:#d19a661/spanspan stylecolor:#61aeeespan stylecolor:#f92672def/span span stylecolor:#61aeeetest_case02/span(span stylecolor:#a6e22eself/span):/spanspan stylecolor:#e6c07bprint/span(span stylecolor:#98c379第二个用例/span)span stylecolor:#f92672assert/span span stylecolor:#d19a661/span span stylecolor:#d19a661/spanspan stylecolor:#f92672if/span __name__ span stylecolor:#98c379__main__/span:pytest.main([span stylecolor:#98c379test.py/span, span stylecolor:#98c379-s/span])/span/span
