知道一个网站怎么知道是谁做的百度优化,网站宽带值多少合适,网站有备案是正规的吗,网站图片放大特效怎么做Python3 爬虫学习笔记第十五章 —— 【代理的基本使用】文章目录【15.1】代理初识【15.2】urllib 库使用代理【15.3】requests 库使用代理【15.4】Selenium 使用代理【15.4.1】Chrome【15.4.1】PhantomJS【15.1】代理初识
大多数网站都有反爬虫机制#xff0c;如果一段时间内… Python3 爬虫学习笔记第十五章 —— 【代理的基本使用】 文章目录【15.1】代理初识【15.2】urllib 库使用代理【15.3】requests 库使用代理【15.4】Selenium 使用代理【15.4.1】Chrome【15.4.1】PhantomJS【15.1】代理初识
大多数网站都有反爬虫机制如果一段时间内同一个 IP 发送的请求过多服务器就会拒绝访问直接禁封该 IP此时设置代理即可解决这个问题网络上有许多免费代理和付费代理比如西刺代理全网代理 IP快代理等设置代理需要用到的就是代理 IP 地址和端口号如果电脑上装有代理软件例如酸酸乳SSR软件一般会在本机创建 HTTP 或 SOCKS 代理服务直接使用此代理也可以
【15.2】urllib 库使用代理
from urllib.error import URLError
from urllib.request import ProxyHandler, build_openerproxy 127.0.0.1:1080
proxy_handler ProxyHandler({http: http:// proxy,https: https:// proxy
})
opener build_opener(proxy_handler)
try:response opener.open(http://httpbin.org/get)print(response.read().decode(utf8))
except URLError as e:print(e.reason)http://httpbin.org/get 是一个请求测试站点借助 ProxyHandler 设置代理参数为字典类型键名为协议类型键值为代理代理的写法proxy 127.0.0.1:1080其中 127.0.0.1 为 IP 地址1080 为端口号这里表示本机的代理软件已经在本地 1080 端口创建了代理服务代理前面需要加上 http 或者 https 协议当请求的链接为 http 协议时ProxyHandler 会自动调用 http 代理同理当请求的链接为 https 协议时ProxyHandler 会自动调用 https 代理build_opener() 方法传入 ProxyHandler 对象来创建一个 opener调用 open() 方法传入一个 url 即可通过代理访问该链接运行结果为一个 JSONorigin 字段为此时客户端的 IP
{args: {}, headers: {Accept-Encoding: identity, Host: httpbin.org, User-Agent: Python-urllib/3.6}, origin: 168.70.60.141, 168.70.60.141, url: https://httpbin.org/get
}如果是需要认证的代理只需要在代理前面加入代理认证的用户名密码即可
from urllib.error import URLError
from urllib.request import ProxyHandler, build_openerproxy username:password127.0.0.1:1080
proxy_handler ProxyHandler({http: http:// proxy,https: https:// proxy
})
opener build_opener(proxy_handler)
try:response opener.open(http://httpbin.org/get)print(response.read().decode(utf8))
except URLError as e:print(e.reason)如果代理是 SOCKS5 类型需要用到 socks 模块设置代理方法如下 扩展SOCKS5 是一个代理协议它在使用TCP/IP协议通讯的前端机器和服务器机器之间扮演一个中介角色使得内部网中的前端机器变得能够访问 Internet 网中的服务器或者使通讯更加安全 import socks
import socket
from urllib import request
from urllib.error import URLErrorsocks.set_default_proxy(socks.SOCKS5, 127.0.0.1, 1080)
socket.socket socks.socksocket
try:response request.urlopen(http://httpbin.org/get)print(response.read().decode(utf-8))
except URLError as e:print(e.reason)【15.3】requests 库使用代理
requests 库使用代理只需要传入 proxies 参数即可
import requestsproxy 127.0.0.1:1080
proxies ({http: http:// proxy,https: https:// proxy
})
try:response requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get, proxiesproxies)print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError as e:print(Error, e.args)输出结果
{args: {}, headers: {Accept: */*, Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, Host: httpbin.org, User-Agent: python-requests/2.22.0}, origin: 168.70.60.141, 168.70.60.141, url: https://httpbin.org/get
}同样的如果是需要认证的代理也只需要在代理前面加入代理认证的用户名密码即可
import requestsproxy username:password127.0.0.1:1080
proxies ({http: http:// proxy,https: https:// proxy
})
try:response requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get, proxiesproxies)print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError as e:print(Error, e.args)如果代理是 SOCKS5 类型需要用到 requests[socks] 模块或者 socks 模块使用 requests[socks] 模块时设置代理方法如下
import requestsproxy 127.0.0.1:1080
proxies {http: socks5:// proxy,https: socks5:// proxy
}
try:response requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get, proxiesproxies)print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:print(Error, e.args)使用 socks 模块时设置代理方法如下此类方法为全局设置
import requests
import socks
import socketsocks.set_default_proxy(socks.SOCKS5, 127.0.0.1, 1080)
socket.socket socks.socksocket
try:response requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get)print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:print(Error, e.args)【15.4】Selenium 使用代理
【15.4.1】Chrome
from selenium import webdriverproxy 127.0.0.1:1080
chrome_options webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument(--proxy-serverhttp:// proxy)
path rF:\PycharmProjects\Python3爬虫\chromedriver.exe
browser webdriver.Chrome(executable_pathpath, chrome_optionschrome_options)
browser.get(http://httpbin.org/get)通过 ChromeOptions 来设置代理在创建 Chrome 对象的时候用 chrome_options 参数传递即可访问目标链接后显示如下信息
{args: {}, headers: {Accept: text/html,application/xhtmlxml,application/xml;q0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q0.8,application/signed-exchange;vb3, Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q0.9, Host: httpbin.org, Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36}, origin: 168.70.60.141, 168.70.60.141, url: https://httpbin.org/get
}如果是认证代理则设置方法如下
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import zipfileip 127.0.0.1
port 1080
username username
password passwordmanifest_json {version:1.0.0,manifest_version: 2,name:Chrome Proxy,permissions: [proxy,tabs,unlimitedStorage,storage,all_urls,webRequest,webRequestBlocking],background: {scripts: [background.js]}
}
background_js
var config {mode: fixed_servers,rules: {singleProxy: {scheme: http,host: %(ip) s,port: %(port) s}}}chrome.proxy.settings.set({value: config, scope: regular}, function() {});function callbackFn(details) {return {authCredentials: {username: %(username) s,password: %(password) s}}
}chrome.webRequest.onAuthRequired.addListener(callbackFn,{urls: [all_urls]},[blocking]
)% {ip: ip, port: port, username: username, password: password}plugin_file proxy_auth_plugin.zip
with zipfile.ZipFile(plugin_file, w) as zp:zp.writestr(manifest.json, manifest_json)zp.writestr(background.js, background_js)
chrome_options Options()
chrome_options.add_argument(--start-maximized)
path rF:\PycharmProjects\Python3爬虫\chromedriver.exe
chrome_options.add_extension(plugin_file)
browser webdriver.Chrome(executable_pathpath, chrome_optionschrome_options)
browser.get(http://httpbin.org/get)需要在本地创建一个 manifest.json 配置文件和 background.js 脚本来设置认证代理。运行代码之后本地会生成一个 proxy_auth_plugin.zip 文件来保存当前配置
【15.4.1】PhantomJS
借助 service_args 参数也就是命令行参数即可设置代理
from selenium import webdriverservice_args [--proxy127.0.0.1:1080,--proxy-typehttp
]
path rF:\PycharmProjects\Python3爬虫\phantomjs-2.1.1\bin\phantomjs.exe
browser webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_pathpath, service_argsservice_args)
browser.get(http://httpbin.org/get)
print(browser.page_source)运行结果
htmlhead/headbodypre styleword-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;{args: {}, headers: {Accept: text/html,application/xhtmlxml,application/xml;q0.9,*/*;q0.8, Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, Accept-Language: zh-CN,en,*, Host: httpbin.org, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1}, origin: 168.70.60.141, 168.70.60.141, url: https://httpbin.org/get
}
/pre/body/html如果是需要认证的代理只需要在 service_args 参数加入 --proxy-auth 选项即可
from selenium import webdriverservice_args [--proxy127.0.0.1:1080,--proxy-typehttp,--proxy-authusername:password
]
path rF:\PycharmProjects\Python3爬虫\phantomjs-2.1.1\bin\phantomjs.exe
browser webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_pathpath, service_argsservice_args)
browser.get(http://httpbin.org/get)
print(browser.page_source)
