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上接 重构-改善既有代码的设计-第1例#xff1a;租赁影片#xff08;1#xff09; 2 运用多态取代与价格相关的条件逻辑 2.1 最好不…前些天发现了一个巨牛的人工智能学习网站通俗易懂风趣幽默忍不住分享一下给大家。点击跳转到教程。
上接 重构-改善既有代码的设计-第1例租赁影片1 2 运用多态取代与价格相关的条件逻辑 2.1 最好不要在另一个对象的属性基础上运用switch语句应该在对象自己的数据上使用。
2.1.1 移动 getCharge getFrequentRenterPoints 方法到Movie 类中去。把会根据影片类型的变化而变化的东西放在影片类中。
Movie 类改为 package bean;/*** 影片* author Administrator*/
public class Movie {public static final int CHILDRENS 2; // 儿童片public static final int REGULAR 0; // 普通片public static final int NEW_RELEASE 1; // 新片private String _title;private int _priceCode;public Movie(String _title, int _priceCode) {this._title _title;this._priceCode _priceCode;}public int getPriceCode() {return _priceCode;}public void setPriceCode(int _priceCode) {this._priceCode _priceCode;}public String getTitle() {return _title;}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/double getCharge(int dayRented){double result 0; // 租金// 确定每种片子的租金switch(getPriceCode()){case Movie.REGULAR:result 2;if(dayRented 2 ){result (dayRented - 2) * 1.5;}break;case Movie.NEW_RELEASE:result dayRented*3;break;case Movie.CHILDRENS:result 1.5;if(dayRented 3 ){result (dayRented - 3) * 1.5;}break;}return result;}/*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){// 新片租赁时间达2天 积分1 if(getPriceCode() Movie.NEW_RELEASE dayRented 1){return 2;}else{return 1;}}}2.1.2 修改Rental 类中的 getCharge getFrequentRenterPoints方法让它调用Movie 类提供的新函数。 Rental 类中的计算租金方法和常客积分计算方法 改为 /*** 常客积分计算* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(){return _movie.getFrequentRenterPoints(_daysRented);}/*** 计算租金* return*/double getCharge(){return _movie.getCharge(_daysRented);} 2.2 为了确保任何时候都要通过取值函数和赋值函数来访问 不愿意被外界直接访问的属性我们用一个对赋值函数的调用来代替构造中的部分代码。
Movie 类的构造之前为 private String _title;private int _priceCode;public Movie(String _title, int _priceCode) {this._title _title;this._priceCode _priceCode;}public int getPriceCode() {return _priceCode;}public void setPriceCode(int _priceCode) {this._priceCode _priceCode;}public String getTitle() {return _title;} 让构造不能直接访问 不愿意被外界直接访问的属性构造现在改为 public Movie(String _title, int _priceCode) {this._title _title;setPriceCode(_priceCode);}2.3 有新需求到来有新品种影片租金计算又有新算法 。
用到设计模式的状态模式State对象行为型。
于是新建一个Price抽象类并在其内给2个抽象方法用于获取影片的计价类型和计算租金积分计算。
再写多个子类继承Price并各自实现父类方法以实现对租金计算积分计算的重构。 2.3.1 Price 及子类 package bean;/*** 租金* author Administrator*/
public abstract class Price {abstract int getPriceCode();
}package bean;/*** 儿童片租金* author Administrator*/
public class ChildrensPrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.CHILDRENS;}}package bean;public class NewReleasePrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.NEW_RELEASE;}}package bean;/*** 普通片租金* author Administrator*/
public class RegularPrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.REGULAR;}}2.3.2 修改Movie 类的计价类型属性为Price类型并改写赋值函数 package bean;/*** 影片* author Administrator*/
public class Movie {public static final int CHILDRENS 2; // 儿童片public static final int REGULAR 0; // 普通片public static final int NEW_RELEASE 1; // 新片private String _title;private Price _price; public Movie(String _title, int _priceCode) {this._title _title;setPriceCode(_priceCode);}public int getPriceCode() {return _price.getPriceCode();}public void setPriceCode(int _priceCode) {switch(_priceCode){case REGULAR:_price new RegularPrice();break;case NEW_RELEASE:_price new NewReleasePrice();break;case CHILDRENS:_price new ChildrensPrice();break;default:throw new IllegalArgumentException( Incorrect PriceCode! );}} ...2.3.4 把租金计算方法移动到 Price 类在Movie 类中调用即可。 package bean;/*** 租金* author Administrator*/
public abstract class Price {abstract int getPriceCode();/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/double getCharge(int dayRented){double result 0; // 租金// 确定每种片子的租金switch(getPriceCode()){case Movie.REGULAR:result 2;if(dayRented 2 ){result (dayRented - 2) * 1.5;}break;case Movie.NEW_RELEASE:result dayRented*3;break;case Movie.CHILDRENS:result 1.5;if(dayRented 3 ){result (dayRented - 3) * 1.5;}break;}return result;}
}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/double getCharge(int dayRented){return _price.getCharge(dayRented); // 这是在 Movie 类中的调用} 2.3.5 重构租金计算方法把每个getCharge 方法中switch 的每个 case 取出在相应的Price子类中写一个覆盖函数。 最后把Price的 租金计算方法改为抽象方法。
租金类 Price 重构前 package bean;/*** 租金* author Administrator*/
public abstract class Price {abstract int getPriceCode();/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/double getCharge(int dayRented){double result 0; // 租金// 确定每种片子的租金switch(getPriceCode()){case Movie.REGULAR:result 2;if(dayRented 2 ){result (dayRented - 2) * 1.5;}break;case Movie.NEW_RELEASE:result dayRented*3;break;case Movie.CHILDRENS:result 1.5;if(dayRented 3 ){result (dayRented - 3) * 1.5;}break;}return result;}
}重构getCharge 方法后Price类 及子类 为 package bean;/*** 租金* author Administrator*/
public abstract class Price {abstract int getPriceCode();/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/abstract double getCharge(int dayRented);}package bean;/*** 儿童片租金* author Administrator*/
public class ChildrensPrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.CHILDRENS;}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overridedouble getCharge(int dayRented){double result 1.5;if(dayRented 3){result (dayRented - 3) * 1.5;}return result;}
}package bean;
/*** 新片租金* author Administrator*/
public class NewReleasePrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.NEW_RELEASE;}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overridedouble getCharge(int dayRented){return dayRented*3;}}package bean;/*** 普通片租金* author Administrator*/
public class RegularPrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.REGULAR;}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overridedouble getCharge(int dayRented){double result 2;if(dayRented 2){result (dayRented - 2) * 1.5;}return result;}
}2.3.6 对积分计算方法作相同重构。
从 Movie 类中移动积分计算方法到 Price 类中。Movie 类中调用Proce的积分计算方法就行了。 package bean;/*** 租金* author Administrator*/
public abstract class Price {abstract int getPriceCode();/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/abstract double getCharge(int dayRented);/*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){// 新片租赁时间达2天 积分1 if(getPriceCode() Movie.NEW_RELEASE dayRented 1){return 2;}else{return 1;}}
}package bean;/*** 影片* author Administrator*/
public class Movie {public static final int CHILDRENS 2; // 儿童片public static final int REGULAR 0; // 普通片public static final int NEW_RELEASE 1; // 新片private String _title;private Price _price; public Movie(String _title, int _priceCode) {this._title _title;setPriceCode(_priceCode);}public int getPriceCode() {return _price.getPriceCode();}.../*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){return _price.getFrequentRenterPoints(dayRented);}}.../*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){return _price.getFrequentRenterPoints(dayRented);}}对 Proce 类的积分计算方法重构只是为新片类型增加一个覆写函数并在超类中保留原函数使它成为一种默认行为。 package bean;/*** 租金* author Administrator*/
public abstract class Price {abstract int getPriceCode();.../*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){// 默认积1分return 1;}
}package bean;
/*** 新片租金* author Administrator*/
public class NewReleasePrice extends Price {.../*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overrideint getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){// 新片租赁时间达2天 积分1 return (dayRented 1) ? 2 : 1 ;}
}.../*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overrideint getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){// 新片租赁时间达2天 积分1 return (dayRented 1) ? 2 : 1 ;}
}到此重构-改善既有代码的设计-第1例租赁影片就重构完成了。 总结 这样重构以后不论是修改影片分类结构还是修改租金计算规则又或积分计算规则就都容易多了 。 注个人觉得 Movie 类中的 setPriceCode 方法 中得每种 price 的时候不该用构造函数而是该直接调用各Price 子类 中的 getPriceCode 方法。
但此博文尊重原书中代码未作改动。 最后 所有类完整代码为 package bean;import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Vector;/*** 顾客* author Administrator*/
public class Customer{private String _name; // 顾客名字private Vector _rentals new Vector(); // 租赁订单数组public Customer(String name) {super();this._name name;}public void addRental(Rental arg){_rentals.addElement(arg);}public String getName() {return _name;}/*** 生成订单(打印凭条)* return*/public String htmlStatement(){Enumeration rentals _rentals.elements();String result PH1Rentals for EM getName() /EM/H1/P\n;while( rentals.hasMoreElements()){Rental each (Rental)rentals.nextElement();// 本次租赁记录说明result each.getMovie().getTitle() String.valueOf(each.getCharge())BR\n;}// 页脚result PYou owe EM String.valueOf(getTotalCharge())/EM/P\n;result P on this rental you earned EM String.valueOf(getTotalFrequentRenterPoints())/EM frequent renter points /P;return result;}// 计算总积分private int getTotalFrequentRenterPoints(){int result 0;Enumeration rentals _rentals.elements();while(rentals.hasMoreElements()){Rental each (Rental)rentals.nextElement();result each.getFrequentRenterPoints();}return result;}// 计算总租金private double getTotalCharge(){double result 0;Enumeration rentals _rentals.elements();while(rentals.hasMoreElements()){Rental each (Rental)rentals.nextElement();result each.getCharge();}return result;}}package bean;
/*** 租赁订单* author Administrator*/
public class Rental {private Movie _movie ; // 影片private int _daysRented; // 租赁天数public Rental(Movie _movie, int _daysRented) {this._movie _movie;this._daysRented _daysRented;}public Movie getMovie() {return _movie;}public int getDaysRented() {return _daysRented;}/*** 常客积分计算* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(){return _movie.getFrequentRenterPoints(_daysRented);}/*** 计算租金* return*/double getCharge(){return _movie.getCharge(_daysRented);}}package bean;/*** 影片* author Administrator*/
public class Movie {public static final int CHILDRENS 2; // 儿童片public static final int REGULAR 0; // 普通片public static final int NEW_RELEASE 1; // 新片private String _title;private Price _price; public Movie(String _title, int _priceCode) {this._title _title;setPriceCode(_priceCode);}public int getPriceCode() {return _price.getPriceCode();}public void setPriceCode(int _priceCode) {switch(_priceCode){case REGULAR:_price new RegularPrice();break;case NEW_RELEASE:_price new NewReleasePrice();break;case CHILDRENS:_price new ChildrensPrice();break;default:throw new IllegalArgumentException( Incorrect PriceCode! );}}public String getTitle() {return _title;}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/double getCharge(int dayRented){return _price.getCharge(dayRented);}/*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){return _price.getFrequentRenterPoints(dayRented);}}package bean;/*** 租金积分* author Administrator*/
public abstract class Price {abstract int getPriceCode();/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/abstract double getCharge(int dayRented);/*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/int getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){// 默认积1分return 1;}
}package bean;/*** 儿童片租金* author Administrator*/
public class ChildrensPrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.CHILDRENS;}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overridedouble getCharge(int dayRented){double result 1.5;if(dayRented 3){result (dayRented - 3) * 1.5;}return result;}
}package bean;
/*** 新片租金* author Administrator*/
public class NewReleasePrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.NEW_RELEASE;}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overridedouble getCharge(int dayRented){return dayRented*3;}/*** 常客积分计算* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overrideint getFrequentRenterPoints(int dayRented){// 新片租赁时间达2天 积分1 return (dayRented 1) ? 2 : 1 ;}
}package bean;/*** 普通片租金* author Administrator*/
public class RegularPrice extends Price {Overrideint getPriceCode() {return Movie.REGULAR;}/*** 计算租金* param dayRented 租赁天数* return*/Overridedouble getCharge(int dayRented){double result 2;if(dayRented 2){result (dayRented - 2) * 1.5;}return result;}
}
