建设网站协议范本国内国际时事心得体会

转自：https://blog.csdn.net/zz775854904/article/details/81092892

MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求..

开始正题!

在开发之前需要下载rabbitmq, 而在rabbitmq安装之前,童鞋们需要安装erlang, 因为rabbitmq是用erlang写的.

安装完毕之后,我们建立一个maven项目.然后我们开始配置项目.

1. <!-- spring版本号 -->
2. <spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
3. <!-- 添加Spring依赖 -->
4. <dependency>
5. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
6. <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
7. <version>${spring.version}</version>
8. </dependency>
9. <dependency>
10. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
11. <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
12. <version>${spring.version}</version>
13. </dependency>
14. <dependency>
15. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
16. <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
17. <version>${spring.version}</version>
18. </dependency>
19. <dependency>
20. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
21. <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
22. <version>${spring.version}</version>
23. </dependency>
24. <dependency>
25. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
26. <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
27. <version>${spring.version}</version>
28. </dependency>
29. <dependency>
30. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
31. <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
32. <version>${spring.version}</version>
33. </dependency>
34. <dependency>
35. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
36. <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
37. <version>${spring.version}</version>
38. </dependency>
39. <dependency>
40. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
41. <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
42. <version>${spring.version}</version>
43. </dependency>
44. <dependency>
45. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
46. <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
47. <version>${spring.version}</version>
48. </dependency>

由于是spring整合,我们需要加入spring的依赖.

1. <!--rabbitmq依赖 -->
2. <dependency>
3. <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
4. <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
5. <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
6. </dependency>

依赖加好了之后, 我们需要定义消息生产者和消息发送者.

由于exchange有几种,这里我只测试了两种, 通过分别定义两个exchange去绑定direct和topic..

首先, 定义消息生产者, 通过配置将template链接connect-factory并注入到代码中使用.

1. package com.chris.producer;
3. import org.slf4j.Logger;
4. import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
5. import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
8. import javax.annotation.Resource;
9. import java.io.IOException;
11. /**
12. * Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
13. */
14. @Service
15. public class MessageProducer {
17. private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageProducer.class);
19. @Resource(name="amqpTemplate")
20. private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
22. @Resource(name="amqpTemplate2")
23. private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate2;
25. public void sendMessage(Object message) throws IOException {
26. logger.info("to send message:{}", message);
27. amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTestKey", message);
28. amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTestChris", message);
30. amqpTemplate2.convertAndSend("wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd", message);
31. }
32. }

然后我们定义消息消费者, 这里,我定义了三个消费者, 通过监听消息队列, 分别接受各自所匹配的消息.

第一个消费者, 接受direct的消息, 他的exchange为exchangeTest,  rout-key为queueTestKey

1. package com.chris.consumer;
3. import org.slf4j.Logger;
4. import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
5. import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
6. import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
8. /**
9. * Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
10. */
11. public class MessageConsumer implements MessageListener {
13. private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageConsumer.class);
15. @Override
16. public void onMessage(Message message) {
17. logger.info("consumer receive message------->:{}", message);
18. }
20. }

第二个消费者, 接受direct的消息(为了测试一个exchange可以发送多个消息), 他的exchange为exchangeTest,  rout-key为queueTestChris.

1. package com.chris.consumer;
3. import org.slf4j.Logger;
4. import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
5. import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
6. import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
8. /**
9. * Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
10. */
11. public class ChrisConsumer implements MessageListener {
12. private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ChrisConsumer.class);
14. @Override
15. public void onMessage(Message message) {
16. logger.info("chris receive message------->:{}", message);
17. }
18. }

第三个消费者, 接受topic的消息他的exchange为exchangeTest2,  pattern为wuxing.*.. 网上说.*可以匹配一个, .#可以匹配一个或多个..但是笔者好像两个都试了..都可以匹配一个或多个..不知道什么鬼...

2. package com.chris.consumer;
4. import org.slf4j.Logger;
5. import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
6. import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
7. import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
9. /**
10. * Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
11. */
12. public class WuxingConsumer implements MessageListener {
13. private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WuxingConsumer.class);
15. @Override
16. public void onMessage(Message message) {
17. logger.info("wuxing receive message------->:{}", message);
18. }
19. }

然后就是关键的地方了..rabbit整合spring的配置文件.

2. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
3. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
4. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
5. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
6. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.2.xsd">
9. <!--配置connection-factory，指定连接rabbit server参数 -->
10. <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
11. username="guest" password="guest" host="localhost" port="5672" />
13. <!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送 -->
14. <rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"
15. exchange="exchangeTest"/>
17. <!--通过指定下面的admin信息，当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成 -->
18. <rabbit:admin id="connectAdmin" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
20. <!--定义queue -->
21. <rabbit:queue name="queueTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin"/>
23. <!-- 定义direct exchange，绑定queueTest -->
24. <rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin">
25. <rabbit:bindings>
26. <rabbit:binding queue="queueTest" key="queueTestKey"></rabbit:binding>
27. </rabbit:bindings>
28. </rabbit:direct-exchange>
30. <!-- 消息接收者 -->
31. <bean id="messageReceiver" class="com.chris.consumer.MessageConsumer"></bean>
33. <!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
34. <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory">
35. <rabbit:listener queues="queueTest" ref="messageReceiver"/>
36. </rabbit:listener-container>
38. <!--定义queue -->
39. <rabbit:queue name="queueChris" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin"/>
41. <!-- 定义direct exchange，绑定queueTest -->
42. <rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin">
43. <rabbit:bindings>
44. <rabbit:binding queue="queueChris" key="queueTestChris"></rabbit:binding>
45. </rabbit:bindings>
46. </rabbit:direct-exchange>
48. <!-- 消息接收者 -->
49. <bean id="receiverChris" class="com.chris.consumer.ChrisConsumer"></bean>
51. <!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
52. <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory">
53. <rabbit:listener queues="queueChris" ref="receiverChris"/>
54. </rabbit:listener-container>
56. <!-- 分隔线 -->
57. <!--配置connection-factory，指定连接rabbit server参数 -->
58. <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory2"
59. username="guest" password="guest" host="localhost" port="5672"/>
61. <!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送 -->
62. <rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate2" connection-factory="connectionFactory2"
63. exchange="exchangeTest2"/>
65. <!--通过指定下面的admin信息，当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成 -->
66. <rabbit:admin id="connectAdmin2" connection-factory="connectionFactory2"/>
68. <!--定义queue -->
69. <rabbit:queue name="queueWuxing" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin2"/>
71. <!-- 定义direct exchange，绑定queueTest -->
72. <rabbit:topic-exchange name="exchangeTest2" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin2">
73. <rabbit:bindings>
74. <rabbit:binding queue="queueWuxing" pattern="wuxing.*"></rabbit:binding>
75. </rabbit:bindings>
76. </rabbit:topic-exchange>
78. <!-- 消息接收者 -->
79. <bean id="recieverWuxing" class="com.chris.consumer.WuxingConsumer"></bean>
81. <!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
82. <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory2" >
83. <rabbit:listener queues="queueWuxing" ref="recieverWuxing"/>
84. </rabbit:listener-container>
85. </beans>

 

这里,有个问题笔者研究了好久...就是如何定义两个exchange, 一开始一直不成功..直到找到了一篇国外的文章才解决...

定义两个exchange的时候, 需要用到declared-by..

而这个必须要引入下面的这个申明, 才有..

1. http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
2. http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.2.xsd">

 

文件中大概的配置解释一下.

connect-factory进行连接rabbitmq服务.

template用于连接factory并指定exchange, 这上面还能直接指定rout-key.

admin相当于一个管理员的角色..可以将exchange和queue进行管理, 

queue和topic-exchange分别定义队列和路由器, 这里需要用declared-by指定管理员,从而连接到相应的factory.

listener-container用于消费者的监听(其实,rabbit配置中是可以指定某个类的某个方法的, 但是笔者失败了, 还在试验中...)

这里还有一个问题...需要大家注意..

当一个exchange绑定了一种类型之后, 这个exchange在配置就不能再换成另一种了.会一直报错, received 'direct' but current is 'topic'  类似这种..

笔者这个也是被坑了若干时间去找问题...

 

然后贴下spring的基本配置

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
4. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
5. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
7. <import resource="classpath*:rabbitmq.xml" />
9. <!-- 扫描指定package下所有带有如@controller,@services,@resource,@ods并把所注释的注册为Spring Beans -->
10. <context:component-scan base-package="com.chris.consumer, com.chris.producer" />
12. <!-- 激活annotation功能 -->
13. <context:annotation-config />
14. <!-- 激活annotation功能 -->
15. <context:spring-configured />
17. </beans>

 

然后是单元测试类, 这里通过输出100-1慢慢递减,去观察控制台消费者接收消息的情况.

1. package com.chris;
3. import com.chris.producer.MessageProducer;
4. import org.junit.Before;
5. import org.junit.Test;
6. import org.slf4j.Logger;
7. import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
8. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
9. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
11. /**
12. * Created by wuxing on 2016/9/21.
13. */
14. public class MessageTest {
16. private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageTest.class);
18. private ApplicationContext context = null;
20. @Before
21. public void setUp() throws Exception {
22. context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
23. }
25. @Test
26. public void should_send_a_amq_message() throws Exception {
27. MessageProducer messageProducer = (MessageProducer) context.getBean("messageProducer");
28. int a = 100;
29. while (a > 0) {
30. messageProducer.sendMessage("Hello, I am amq sender num :" + a--);
31. try {
32. //暂停一下，好让消息消费者去取消息打印出来
33. Thread.sleep(1000);
34. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
35. e.printStackTrace();
36. }
38. }
39. }
40. }

然后控制台的结果如下(这里只贴出关键信息, 其他配置的log的省略了)

1. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,330 [main] INFO [com.chris.producer.MessageProducer] - to send message:Hello, I am amq sender num :100
2. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,348 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory] - Creating cached Rabbit Channel from AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,3)
3. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,348 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Executing callback on RabbitMQ Channel: Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,3)
4. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,349 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Publishing message on exchange [exchangeTest], routingKey = [queueTestKey]
5. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,357 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Executing callback on RabbitMQ Channel: Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,3)
6. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,358 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Publishing message on exchange [exchangeTest], routingKey = [queueTestChris]
7. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,368 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory] - Creating cached Rabbit Channel from AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,2)
8. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,369 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Executing callback on RabbitMQ Channel: Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,2)
9. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,369 [main] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate] - Publishing message on exchange [exchangeTest2], routingKey = [wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd]
10. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,370 [pool-1-thread-6] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-hyW85GZHk-AHLLFJUmNLDQ]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,1), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
11. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,372 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Received message: (Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest, receivedRoutingKey=queueTestKey, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
12. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,373 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO [com.chris.consumer.MessageConsumer] - consumer receive message------->:(Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest, receivedRoutingKey=queueTestKey, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
13. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,374 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Retrieving delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-hyW85GZHk-AHLLFJUmNLDQ]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,1), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
14. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,379 [pool-2-thread-4] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-T-c1red0T_HHyCFfpXLYIQ]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,1), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
15. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,381 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Received message: (Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest2, receivedRoutingKey=wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
16. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,382 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO [com.chris.consumer.WuxingConsumer] - wuxing receive message------->:(Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest2, receivedRoutingKey=wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
17. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,383 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Retrieving delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-T-c1red0T_HHyCFfpXLYIQ]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,1), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
18. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,396 [pool-1-thread-5] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[[amq.ctag-h5ERpaWrnqmkNhbfM7S8Ww]], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/,2), acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
19. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,397 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] DEBUG [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer] - Received message: (Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest, receivedRoutingKey=queueTestChris, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])
20. 2016-09-22 16:15:00,398 [SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO [com.chris.consumer.ChrisConsumer] - chris receive message------->:(Body:'Hello, I am amq sender num :100'MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchangeTest, receivedRoutingKey=queueTestChris, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0])

我们可以看到生产者有发出一个信息, 然后发布在了三个通道上.

 

1. on exchange [exchangeTest] , routingKey = [queueTestKey]

2. on exchange [exchangeTest] , routingKey = [queueTestChris]

3. on exchange [exchangeTest2] , routingKey = [wuxing.xxxx.wsdwd]

 

然后三个消费者分别收到了他们的消息..至此, 整个test就结束了.

对项目有兴趣的童鞋可以拿项目的源码玩一玩  源码在这里